ACAS school 2008

Accelerator Science School 26 March-2 April 2008
Accelerator Science Workshop 7-8 April, 2008
The Australian Synchrotron together with the School of Physics at the University of Melbourne conducted an Accelerator Science School and Workshop. The school was an introduction to particle accelerators aimed at university students in physics or related engineering fields, with lectures by Prof Ted Wilson, former head of the CERN Accelerator School. The workshop gave an overview of accelerator science with an emphasis on the synchrotron lightsources. The syllabus and lecture notes from 2008 are available below.

Syllabus and Lecture Notes

pdf document Lecture 1 Overview (pdf, 894kb)

  • Wideröe's "ray transformer" and Kerst's betatron.
  • Wideröe's linac and Lawrence's cyclotron
  • Cyclotrons hit relativistic limit
  • Phase stability by McMillan and Veksler.
  • Synchrotrons
  • Strong focusing by Christofilos, Courant, Livingston and Snyder.
  • Advent of storage rings
  • Definition of luminosity.
  • Livingston chart.
  • Use of superconductivity.
  • List of major present-day machines and projects.

 

pdf document Lecture 2 Transverse Optics I (pdf, 244kb)

  • Weak focusing
  • Quadrupole focusing
  • Alternating gradients
  • Hill’s equation of motion.
  • Matrix formulation of equations of motion.
  • Parameterisation using alpha, beta and gamma.

 

pdf document Lecture 3 Transverse Optics II (pdf, 289kb)

  • Betatron oscillations.
  • General transfer matrix in terms of alpha, beta, gamma and phi.
  • Transfer of alpha, beta and gamma through a lattice.
  • Computational methods for lattices
  • Beam envelope, emittance.
  • Emittance: definition and measurement.
  • Liouville's theorem.
  • Adiabatic shrinkage.

pdf document David Paterson - Microspectroscopy Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron (pdf, 7.71 Mb)

 

pdf document Lecture 4 Magnets (pdf, 379kb)

  • Dipole magnet
  • Magnetic rigidity
  • Two dimensional expansion of potential and field expressions
  • Quadrupole magnets
  • Multipole magnets
  • Ideal pole shapes
  • Magnet geometries

 

pdf document Lecture 5 Beams and Imperfections (pdf, 230kb)

  • Thin lens approximation.
  • Circle diagram
  • Floquet coordinates
  • Equation for closed orbit with dipole kicks:
  • Measurement and correction of closed orbits.
  • Dipole errors and their sources.
  • Effect of quadrupole errors.
  • Tune measurement.
  • Chromaticity.

 

pdf document Lecture 6 Longitudinal Dynamics I (pdf, 194kb)

  • Equation of motion with a momentum deviation.
  • Dispersion.
  • Dependence of revolution frequency on momentum.
  • Definition of transition energy.

 

pdf document Lecture 7 Longitudinal Dynamics II (pdf, 112kb)

  • Equation of motion for synchrotron oscillations
  • Small amplitude and large amplitude energy oscillations.
  • RF buckets, stable fixed points and separatrix.
  • Trapping, accelerating, coasting..

 

pdf document Lecture 8 Cavities I (pdf, 188kb)

  • Necessary conditions for acceleration
  • Waves in free space
  • Two travelling waves in a guide.
  • A transverse electric (H) mode
  • Phase velocity and Group velocity
  • Transverse magnetic modes
  • Transit time factor
  • The cylindrical cavity

 

pdf document Lecture 9 Cavities II (pdf, 284kb)

  • Conducting surfaces
  • Quality Factor, Filling Time and Shunt Impedance
  • Corrugated structures
  • Dispersion in a waveguide
  • Iris loaded waveguide
  • Standing-wave and travelling wave structures.
  • Feeding, coupling and tuning structures.

 

pdf document Lecture 9 Cavities II (pdf, 2.38Mb)

  • Lienard-Wiechert potentials.
  • Radiation from an accelerated charge.
  • Spatial distribution of radiation.
  • Frequency spectrum.
  • Energy loss per turn
  • Consequences of Radiation Loss
  • The spectrum

 

pdf document Lecture 10 Synchrotron radiation (pdf, 2.38Mb)

  • Lienard-Wiechert potentials.
  • Radiation from an accelerated charge.
  • Spatial distribution of radiation.
  • Frequency spectrum.
  • Energy loss per turn
  • Consequences of Radiation Loss
  • The spectrum